{"id":21757,"date":"2025-08-28T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/2025\/09\/vodni-elektrarny-dosazeni-maximalnich-vynosu\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T10:42:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T08:42:56","slug":"vodni-elektrarny-dosazeni-maximalnich-vynosu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/2025\/08\/vodni-elektrarny-dosazeni-maximalnich-vynosu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny: Dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdnos\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Spole\u010dnost Freudenberg Sealing Technologies umo\u017e\u0148uje d\u00edky sv\u00fdm t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm a materi\u00e1l\u016fm specifick\u00fdm pro dan\u00e9 aplikace dosahovat vysok\u00fdch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b energie ve vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, stabiln\u00ed a efektivn\u00ed provoz vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem budouc\u00edho mixu \u010dist\u00fdch nulov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie. V z\u00e1vislosti na region\u00e1ln\u00edch a klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee vodn\u00ed energie vyroben\u00e1 z pr\u016ftok\u016f p\u0159edstavovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % elektrick\u00e9 energie vyroben\u00e9 v dan\u00e9 zemi. V t\u00e9to oblasti v sou\u010dasnosti vede Norsko s 89 %, n\u00e1sleduje Kanada s 62 %, Braz\u00edlie s 60 % a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko s 55 %. Spole\u010dnost Freudenberg Sealing Technologies ch\u00e1pe v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s provozem energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed poskytovat spolehliv\u00fd nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Vyhnout se odst\u00e1vk\u00e1m je kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a jedna v\u011bc je jist\u00e1: turb\u00edny ani ventily nemohou fungovat bez p\u0159esn\u011b namontovan\u00fdch t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed. T\u011bsnic\u00ed materi\u00e1ly od spole\u010dnosti Freudenberg Sealing Technologies vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed mezi mechanick\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi syst\u00e9m\u016f. Odolaj\u00ed mraziv\u00e9 vod\u011b a kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edmu tlaku i slan\u00e9 vod\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar. <\/p>\n\n

Typy vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren: p\u0159ehled<\/strong>Lid\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obrovskou energii proud\u00edc\u00ed vody ji\u017e tis\u00edce let – nap\u0159\u00edklad k zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00ed a pohonu ml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch kamen\u016f. V minulosti slou\u017eilo nabobtnal\u00e9 d\u0159evo nebo ko\u017een\u00e9 \u0159emeny jako provizorn\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed. Dnes jsou k dispozici mnohem \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u011bsnic\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro p\u0159em\u011bnu s\u00edly vody na vyu\u017eitelnou energii. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zohlednit p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Na pevnin\u011b rozli\u0161ujeme elektr\u00e1rny na tekouc\u00ed vodu a p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 se instaluj\u00ed na potoc\u00edch a \u0159ek\u00e1ch. Naproti tomu p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00ed a kavernov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako z\u00e1sobn\u00edky energie. A k vyu\u017eit\u00ed nekone\u010dn\u00e9 energie oce\u00e1n\u016f slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e dos\u00e1hly tr\u017en\u00ed zralosti. Abychom si ud\u011blali p\u0159edstavu o extr\u00e9mn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m mus\u00ed t\u011bsnic\u00ed materi\u00e1ly fungovat se \u0161pi\u010dkovou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed, je nezbytn\u00e9 se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na turb\u00edny, kter\u00e9 jsou poh\u00e1n\u011bny vodn\u00edmi masami. <\/p>\n\n

Turb\u00edny: Srdce vyu\u017eit\u00ed vodn\u00ed energie<\/strong>Pod jak\u00fdm \u00fahlem a z jak\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky sp\u00e1du bude voda dopadat na turb\u00ednu? P\u0159i jak\u00e9m objemu a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9m pr\u016ftokov\u00e9m tlaku? To jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 turb\u00edna bude pro vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny zaji\u0161\u0165ovat nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed je mezi rovnotlak\u00fdmi a p\u0159etlakov\u00fdmi turb\u00ednami. Rovnotlak\u00e9 turb\u00edny jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby tlak proudu p\u0159ed a za turb\u00ednou z\u016fstal konstantn\u00ed. Jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro vysok\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky sp\u00e1du a mal\u00e9 objemy vody. P\u0159\u00edkladem je Peltonova turb\u00edna. Naproti tomu p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 turb\u00edny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b energie rozd\u00edly tlaku p\u0159ed a po pr\u016fchodu turb\u00ednou. Pracuj\u00ed efektivn\u011b v \u0161irok\u00e9m rozsahu v\u00fd\u0161ky sp\u00e1du a objemu vody. V t\u00e9to oblasti se osv\u011bd\u010dily Kaplanovy, Francisovy a vrtulov\u00e9 turb\u00edny. Tyto \u010dty\u0159i typy turb\u00edn tvo\u0159\u00ed dohromady a\u017e 80 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho trhu. V\u0161echny modely turb\u00edn maj\u00ed jedno spole\u010dn\u00e9: drsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze tehdy, jsou-li vybaveny dokonale vybran\u00fdmi t\u011bsnic\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly. <\/p>\n\n

Kontrola fakt\u016f: Zam\u011b\u0159te se na t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch t\u011bsnic\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f je t\u0159eba m\u00edt zna\u010dn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti, proto\u017ee je t\u0159eba zohlednit r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fahly a rychlosti proud\u011bn\u00ed, o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed tlaku a vlastnosti vody. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e9 know-how v oblasti materi\u00e1l\u016f spole\u010dnost Freudenberg Sealing Technologies vyv\u00edj\u00ed a zdokonaluje ji\u017e des\u00edtky let. Octavia Ohr<\/strong>, vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje, Freudenberg Xpress\u00ae Customized Solutions, vysv\u011btluje: „Je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed vid\u011bt, jak tato relativn\u011b mal\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed hraj\u00ed tak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i maximalizaci energetick\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 specifick\u00fd tvar a ne ka\u017ed\u00fd materi\u00e1l funguje v ka\u017ed\u00e9 aplikaci. V\u00edt\u00e1m v\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd po\u017eadavek. Kdy\u017e zkombinujeme na\u0161e odborn\u00e9 znalosti materi\u00e1l\u016f s produktovou \u0159adou Freudenberg Xpress\u00ae, m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159izp\u016fsobit spr\u00e1vnou sm\u011bs ka\u017ed\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a vyrobit profily specifick\u00e9 pro z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.“ <\/p>\n\n

T\u011bsnic\u00ed vlastnosti: Vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro turbulentn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed soubor podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kladou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na v\u0161echny komponenty – je tedy t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v \u00favahu mnoh\u00e9. V dynamick\u00fdch t\u011bsnic\u00edch m\u00edstech vystaven\u00fdch p\u016fsoben\u00ed sladk\u00e9 vody mus\u00ed materi\u00e1ly nab\u00edzet vysokou p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost a poskytovat vyv\u00e1\u017eenou kombinaci sn\u00e1\u0161enlivosti s vodou, odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a t\u011bsnic\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pat\u0159\u00ed polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), polyuretan (PU) a nitrilov\u00e1 pry\u017e (NBR). Tyto skupiny materi\u00e1l\u016f obst\u00e1ly i p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch rychlostech proud\u011bn\u00ed. V extr\u00e9mn\u011b turbulentn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed se v\u0161ak priority po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed na vysokou mechanickou pevnost a odolnost proti vibrac\u00edm. Pro tyto podm\u00ednky jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 termoplasty, jako je polyetheretherketon (PEEK). V ledov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed mus\u00ed materi\u00e1ly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vykazovat vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti chladu a odol\u00e1vat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu p\u016fsoben\u00ed ozonu. Zde je vhodn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem ethylen-propylen-dien-monomer (EPDM) – tato t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pru\u017en\u00e1 i po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b v mraziv\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Vlnov\u00e9 nebo p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jinou v\u00fdzvu: slan\u00e1 voda je vysoce korozivn\u00ed, a proto jsou chemicky inertn\u00ed a korozivzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly naprosto nezbytn\u00e9. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech lze pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad EPDM. Tato skupina materi\u00e1l\u016f dok\u00e1\u017ee dlouhodob\u011b odol\u00e1vat slan\u00e9 vod\u011b a nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u016fsoben\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Se\u010dteno a podtr\u017eeno: Pouze dokonale vybran\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a na m\u00edru navr\u017een\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit opot\u0159eben\u00ed hydroenergetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a umo\u017enit nen\u00e1ro\u010dnou \u00fadr\u017ebu a dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed provoz. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\u00dadr\u017eba: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed modernizace vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren<\/strong>V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b soust\u0159e\u010fuje na Asii, Afriku a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriku. Mezi nimi vynik\u00e1 Braz\u00edlie. Jej\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny se po desetilet\u00ed spol\u00e9haly p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b energie na obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b velk\u00e9 turb\u00edny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v r\u00e1mci \u00fadr\u017ebov\u00fdch cykl\u016f jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1na tak\u00e9 velkoform\u00e1tov\u00e1 a vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed. Zde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na zku\u0161enostech s materi\u00e1lem a v\u00fdrobou, co\u017e je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co poskytuje spole\u010dnost Freudenberg Sealing Technologies. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a logistick\u00e9 s\u00edti dok\u00e1\u017ee rychle vyrobit a dodat t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed na m\u00edru. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na vodn\u00ed energii v Evrop\u011b, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina potenci\u00e1lu elektr\u00e1ren ji\u017e byla vyu\u017eita. D\u016fvodem jsou p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed infrastruktura, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e byla pod\u00e9l evropsk\u00fdch \u0159ek a potok\u016f vybudov\u00e1na. V d\u016fsledku toho se Evropan\u00e9 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na modernizaci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou v provozu ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro Severn\u00ed Ameriku. V Kanad\u011b i USA v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 moderniza\u010dn\u00ed programy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed novou vlnu rozvoje vodn\u00ed energetiky. I p\u0159i absenci politick\u00e9 jistoty v oblasti pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na pot\u0159eba uv\u00e9st vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny na nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, co\u017e vede k rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu zak\u00e1zek na \u00fadr\u017ebu. <\/p>\n\n

Energetick\u00e9 strategie: Diverzifikace skladby zdroj\u016f energie<\/strong>V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech se v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed vodn\u00ed energie o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst instalac\u00ed elektr\u00e1ren vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch vlny a p\u0159\u00edliv, jako\u017e i rozvoj a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren jako syst\u00e9m\u016f skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie. Dne 25. \u010dervna 2025 zve\u0159ejnila Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociace pro vodn\u00ed energii (IHA) v Lond\u00fdn\u011b sv\u016fj ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed „V\u00fdhled sv\u011btov\u00e9 hydroenergetiky na rok 2025“. V tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b se uv\u00e1d\u00ed: „P\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00ed vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny (PVE), sv\u011btov\u011b nejosv\u011bd\u010den\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, p\u0159itahuj\u00ed v dob\u011b nestability trhu a nap\u011bt\u00ed v soustav\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost politik\u016f a investor\u016f. Vzhledem k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm reform\u00e1m a v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 GW p\u0159ipravovan\u00fdch projekt\u016f PSH m\u00e1 Evropa jasnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vyu\u017e\u00edt tento impuls k realizaci.“ Scott Sharpless<\/strong>, Global Key Account Manager, Power\/Energy ve spole\u010dnosti Freudenberg Sealing Technologies, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1: „Vodn\u00ed energie je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejudr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem obnoviteln\u00e9 energie. Neprodukuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 emise a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat na\u0161i ekologickou stopu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje na\u0161e dod\u00e1vky energie. D\u00edky na\u0161im kompetentn\u00edm odborn\u00fdm znalostem v oblasti materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme tvarovat dokonal\u00fd materi\u00e1l do t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed na m\u00edru pro ka\u017ed\u00fd ekologick\u00fd po\u017eadavek, co\u017e n\u00e1s posouv\u00e1 o krok bl\u00ed\u017ee k uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 neutralit\u011b.“ <\/p>\n\n

Zdroj: Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Freudenberg Sealing Technologies<\/em><\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n

\r\n
\r\n \r\n <\/i>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/span>\r\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spole\u010dnost Freudenberg Sealing Technologies umo\u017e\u0148uje d\u00edky sv\u00fdm t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm a materi\u00e1l\u016fm specifick\u00fdm pro dan\u00e9 aplikace dosahovat vysok\u00fdch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b energie ve vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, stabiln\u00ed a efektivn\u00ed provoz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":21657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1001,1184],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"class_list":["post-21757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-plymouth-cs","category-usa-cs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21757"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21759,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21757\/revisions\/21759"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21757"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=21757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}