{"id":21399,"date":"2025-08-19T10:59:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T08:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/2025\/08\/zelezna-guma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-19T11:03:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T09:03:20","slug":"zelezna-guma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/2025\/08\/zelezna-guma\/","title":{"rendered":"„\u017delezn\u00e1 guma“"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

3. d\u00edl seri\u00e1lu „Sv\u011bt materi\u00e1l\u016f“: Termoplastick\u00fd polyuretan tvo\u0159\u00ed most mezi gumou a plastem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Dr. J\u00fcrgen Hieber, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 ve spole\u010dnosti Freudenberg Sealing Technologies (FST) ve Schwalmstadtu, chce hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku rozhovoru objasnit jednu v\u011bc: „Nemluv\u00edme o b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m polyuretanu, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad jako p\u011bna do matrac\u00ed. Ve spole\u010dnosti Freudenberg pracujeme s termoplastick\u00fdm polyuretanem, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b TPU.“<\/p>\n\n

Tento TPU je hybridn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd kombinuje vlastnosti pry\u017ee a plastu. „Na\u0161i japon\u0161t\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 mu r\u00e1di \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed \u017eelezn\u00e1 guma. N\u00e1\u0161 materi\u00e1l m\u00e1 pru\u017enost a rozta\u017enost gumy, ale je – symbolicky – stabiln\u00ed jako \u017eelezo.“ D\u00edky t\u00e9to obrovsk\u00e9 pevnosti je TPU prvn\u00ed volbou jako t\u011bsnic\u00ed materi\u00e1l v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 tlaky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v hydraulice. <\/p>\n\n

Man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed s pln\u011b nalo\u017een\u00fdmi r\u00fdpadly<\/strong>Klasickou aplikac\u00ed pro TPU jsou v\u00e1lce, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed s pln\u011b nalo\u017een\u00fdmi a vysunut\u00fdmi r\u00fdpadly. V t\u011bchto v\u00e1lc\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed ty\u010d\u00ed, t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed p\u00edst\u016f a st\u011bra\u010de vyroben\u00e9 z TPU. Mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat tlaku a\u017e 400 bar\u016f. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: tlak v pneumatik\u00e1ch automobilu se pohybuje mezi 2 a 3 bary. T\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed z TPU jsou \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1 i v dal\u0161\u00edch stavebn\u00edch stroj\u00edch a tak\u00e9 v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u00edch, obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edklepov\u00fdch vrta\u010dk\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Leteck\u00fd pohled na z\u00e1vod ve Schwalmstadtu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Z\u00e1vod ve Schwalmstadtu je centrem excelence spole\u010dnosti FST v oblasti TPU. „TPU si vyr\u00e1b\u00edme sami a b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f TPU,“ vysv\u011btluje Dr. Hieber a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: „Na\u0161e odborn\u00e9 znalosti spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed ve v\u00fdb\u011bru spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch surovin a jejich kombinaci ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.“ U TPU se to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neli\u0161\u00ed od gumy. <\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdroba TPU v\u0161ak prob\u00edh\u00e1 zcela jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, ve velk\u00fdch reaktorech, jak\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Odborn\u00fd term\u00edn pro tuto chemickou reakci je polymerace. Polyoly, izokyan\u00e1ty, prodlu\u017eova\u010de \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, barviva, superplastik\u00e1tory a stabiliz\u00e1tory reaguj\u00ed za vzniku molekul s dlouh\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci, tzv. polymer\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z t\u00e9mat budoucnosti je v\u00fdroba TPU z biologick\u00fdch surovin. <\/p>\n\n

Efekt antichip bag<\/strong>TPU je nejen mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di tlaku. Je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di oz\u00f3nu a snese i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edmi hydraulick\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii. Krom\u011b trvanlivosti a odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed je na dlouh\u00e9m seznamu plusov\u00fdch bod\u016f TPU tak\u00e9 odolnost proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhlin. „Odolnost proti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhlin r\u00e1d vysv\u011btluji pomoc\u00ed efektu pytl\u00edku na t\u0159\u00edsky. S\u00e1\u010dek s chipsy se \u010dasto zpo\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161patn\u011b otev\u00edr\u00e1, chce to s\u00edlu. Ale jakmile se s\u00e1\u010dek roztrhne, velmi rychle se znovu roztrhne. Ne v\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b TPU. Pokud je po\u0161kozen nebo roz\u0159\u00edznut, d\u00e1le se netrh\u00e1. T\u00edm je zaji\u0161t\u011bna dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost.“ P\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch v\u0161ak „\u017eelezn\u00e1 guma“ dosahuje sv\u00fdch v\u00fdkonnostn\u00edch limit\u016f. P\u0159i 120 stupn\u00edch Celsia je obvykle konec. <\/p>\n\n

Pozitivn\u00ed aspekt z hlediska udr\u017eitelnosti: vtoky lze roztavit a regranulovat, tj. znovu pou\u017e\u00edt, s TPU. To u pry\u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1lcov\u00e1n\u00ed nam\u00edsto t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>S TPU je mo\u017en\u00e9 tak\u00e9 dvouslo\u017ekov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s kovem nebo jin\u00fdmi plasty – a to i mimo klasick\u00e9 t\u011bsnic\u00ed aplikace. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zaj\u00edmavou oblast\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed jsou takzvan\u00e9 texturovac\u00ed disky. Texturov\u00e1n\u00ed je dokon\u010dovac\u00ed proces pro syntetick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu. P\u0159i tomto procesu jsou hladk\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna syntetick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vlasce vedena obrovskou rychlost\u00ed po rychle rotuj\u00edc\u00edch b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch disc\u00edch s definovan\u00fdm povrchem. Tyto zdrs\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed texturovac\u00ed kotou\u010de dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed vl\u00e1kn\u016fm nad\u00fdchanou strukturu podobnou bavln\u011b s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi vlastnostmi. Spole\u010dnost FST dod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00edmu sv\u011btov\u00e9mu v\u00fdrobci t\u011bchto t\u0159ec\u00edch kotou\u010d\u016f dvouslo\u017ekov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: vedouc\u00ed st\u0159edisko ve Schwalmstadtu nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed povlak TPU po cel\u00e9m obvodu kruhov\u00e9ho plastov\u00e9ho nosn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu. Ob\u011b slo\u017eky se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojuj\u00ed \u010dist\u011b mechanicky. <\/p>\n\n

TPU m\u00edsto PTFE?<\/strong>Pokud jde o budoucnost TPU, lze si p\u0159edstavit dal\u0161\u00ed aplikace v tr\u017en\u00ed nice „disky a v\u00e1le\u010dky“. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdchodiskem pro z\u00edt\u0159ek a poz\u00edt\u0159\u00ed je nahrazen\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu PTFE materi\u00e1lem TPU. PTFE je jednou z „v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed“ (PFAS), kter\u00e9 se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b odbour\u00e1vaj\u00ed a na kter\u00e9 z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni up\u00edraj\u00ed kritick\u00fd pohled. „PTFE m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, pokud jde o odolnost v\u016f\u010di teplot\u00e1m a m\u00e9di\u00edm, kter\u00e9 TPU nem\u016f\u017ee splnit. PTFE se v\u0161ak \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edval v lahv\u00edch tam, kde se jeho vysok\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost nevy\u017eaduje. S TPU zde nab\u00edz\u00edme spolehlivou alternativu,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hieber a d\u00edv\u00e1 se dop\u0159edu. <\/p>\n\n

Barevn\u00e9 akcenty<\/strong>T\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed A je \u010dern\u00e9 (saze)? Ne v\u017edy, ani zdaleka ne! Nap\u0159\u00edklad TPU m\u00e1 sv\u011btle b\u00e9\u017eovou barvu. Stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny termoplasty jej lze snadno obarvit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v modr\u00e9 barv\u011b Freudenberg. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b tato barva reprezentuje spole\u010dnost. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je modr\u00e1 barva velmi obl\u00edben\u00e1 u stroj\u016f na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin. Proto\u017ee: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 potravina nen\u00ed modr\u00e1. Necht\u011bn\u011b uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice z t\u011bsnic\u00edho materi\u00e1lu by okam\u017eit\u011b upoutala pozornost. <\/p>\n

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\r\n \r\n <\/i>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/span>\r\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

3. d\u00edl seri\u00e1lu „Sv\u011bt materi\u00e1l\u016f“: Termoplastick\u00fd polyuretan tvo\u0159\u00ed most mezi gumou a plastem Dr. J\u00fcrgen Hieber, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 ve spole\u010dnosti Freudenberg Sealing Technologies (FST) ve Schwalmstadtu, chce hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku rozhovoru…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":21371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1334,1108],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"class_list":["post-21399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-materialy","category-schwalmstadt-cs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21401,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21399\/revisions\/21401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21399"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=21399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}