{"id":18285,"date":"2023-03-07T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/2025\/07\/prinasime-slunce-na-zem\/"},"modified":"2025-07-30T16:17:01","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T14:17:01","slug":"prinasime-slunce-na-zem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/2023\/03\/prinasime-slunce-na-zem\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme slunce na zem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie jsou zdroje energie, kter\u00e9 jsou prakticky nevy\u010derpateln\u00e9 nebo se pom\u011brn\u011b rychle obnovuj\u00ed. Naproti tomu fosiln\u00ed zdroje energie jsou omezen\u00e9 nebo trv\u00e1 miliony let, ne\u017e jsou znovu k dispozici. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv, jako je uhl\u00ed, ropa a zemn\u00ed plyn, je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za velkou \u010d\u00e1st emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, a tedy za glob\u00e1ln\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed „obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f“ proto znamen\u00e1 ochranu klimatu. <\/p>\n\n

Povzbudiv\u00e1 skute\u010dnost: slune\u010dn\u00ed energie, kter\u00e1 sv\u00edt\u00ed na Zemi, pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 sou\u010dasnou pot\u0159ebu energie pro \u010dlov\u011bka n\u011bkolikatis\u00edckr\u00e1t. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, s pomoc\u00ed inovac\u00ed a vynal\u00e9zavosti bychom mohli naj\u00edt – technick\u00e9 – zp\u016fsoby, jak tento t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevy\u010derpateln\u00fd rezervo\u00e1r vyu\u017e\u00edt. Dal\u0161\u00ed povzbudiv\u00e9 znamen\u00ed: na konci roku 2022 USA ozn\u00e1mily pr\u016flom v jadern\u00e9 f\u00fazi, potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm zdroji energie budoucnosti. Poprv\u00e9 se p\u0159i f\u00fazi atomov\u00fdch jader poda\u0159ilo vyrobit v\u00edce energie, ne\u017e se spot\u0159ebovalo. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Zem\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Biomasu lze vyu\u017e\u00edvat k v\u00fdrob\u011b energie mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Ji\u017e prav\u011bk\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pou\u017e\u00edval d\u0159evo k rozd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b. K v\u00fdrob\u011b biopaliv lze vyu\u017e\u00edt plodiny, jako je cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina, cukrov\u00e1 \u0159epa, p\u0161enice, \u017eito, kuku\u0159ice a \u0159epka. Pak v\u0161ak ji\u017e nejsou k dispozici jako potravina. K v\u00fdrob\u011b bioplynu lze vyu\u017e\u00edt zelen\u00fd odpad, kompostovateln\u00fd odpad, kejdu a \u010dist\u00edrensk\u00e9 kaly. Bioplyn lze p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159em\u011bnit na elekt\u0159inu. <\/p>\n\n

Geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energie vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energii ze zem\u011b: zem\u011b jako zdroj tepla. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpovrchov\u00e9 geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energie nen\u00ed teplota tepla z\u00edskan\u00e9ho ze zem\u011b zpravidla na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed \u00farovni. Toho se dosahuje dodate\u010dn\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm elektrick\u00fdch tepeln\u00fdch \u010derpadel. U hlubinn\u00e9 geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energie, kter\u00e1 pronik\u00e1 n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f do hloubky zem\u011b, to nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se nejen k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny. Naopak geochlazen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 relativn\u011b \u010derstv\u00fdch teplot p\u0159\u00edpovrchov\u00fdch vrstev zem\u011b k chlazen\u00ed v l\u00e9t\u011b: zem\u011b jako klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

V\u00edtr<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011btrn\u00e9 ml\u00fdny ji\u017e od starov\u011bku vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kinetickou energii v\u011btru k pohonu stroj\u016f na brou\u0161en\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dopravu. Dnes se tato kinetick\u00e1 energie p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na rotuj\u00edc\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel ve v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn\u00e1ch. Ten poh\u00e1n\u00ed gener\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u00ed elektrickou energii. Turb\u00edny jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou postaveny na pevnin\u011b (onshore), ale st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji tak\u00e9 na mo\u0159i (offshore). <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Sun<\/h2>\n\n

Fotovoltaika je p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bna sv\u011bteln\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou, tj. elekt\u0159inu, pomoc\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00edch modul\u016f. Naproti tomu termick\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na tepelnou energii. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na st\u0159e\u0161e v dom\u00e1cnosti k v\u00fdrob\u011b tepl\u00e9 vody. Nebo v sol\u00e1rn\u00edch tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch: bu\u010f s parabolick\u00fdmi zrcadly, nebo s nes\u010detn\u00fdmi nastaviteln\u00fdmi zrcadly, kter\u00e1 sb\u00edraj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na velk\u00e9 plo\u0161e a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed je do jednoho bodu („efekt ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edho skla“). P\u0159i jadern\u00e9 f\u00fazi se atomov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra slu\u010duj\u00ed za extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot pomoc\u00ed laser\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e1, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1dra. P\u0159i tomto procesu se uvol\u0148uje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie – bez radioaktivn\u00edho odpadu jako p\u0159i jadern\u00e9m \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed. Podobn\u00fd proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ve Slunci. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

Voda<\/h2>\n\n

A\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed se vodn\u00ed energie vyu\u017e\u00edvala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v ml\u00fdnech. Dnes se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny pomoc\u00ed turb\u00edn a gener\u00e1tor\u016f. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren s jezy v tekouc\u00edch vod\u00e1ch nebo p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edliv a odliv. V p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch se voda do\u010dasn\u011b \u010derp\u00e1 do n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed nebo z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f, aby mohla b\u00fdt pozd\u011bji vy\u010derp\u00e1na a pou\u017eita k pohonu turb\u00edn na v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny. <\/p>\n

\r\n
\r\n \r\n <\/i>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/span>\r\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie jsou zdroje energie, kter\u00e9 jsou prakticky nevy\u010derpateln\u00e9 nebo se pom\u011brn\u011b rychle obnovuj\u00ed. Naproti tomu fosiln\u00ed zdroje energie jsou omezen\u00e9 nebo trv\u00e1 miliony let, ne\u017e jsou znovu k…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":18286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1267],"tags":[1492],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"class_list":["post-18285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-udrzitelnost","tag-cislo-02_2023-d"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18285"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18291,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18285\/revisions\/18291"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18285"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sw.fst.com\/magazine\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=18285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}